Scientific photography for cultural heritage : pigment image database under UV and IR radiations
Several pigments/colorants were registred using Hasselblad photography imaging under several radiations, from UV (365 nm) to IR (780-1000 nm). We obtained several images :
- VIS : normal image, in visible domain under visible light (380-780 nm;
- REF_UV_UV : reflection in UV domain under UV radiations (360-400);
- UVFC : image treatment of REF_UV_UV with VIS to obtain false color lisible image
- FLUO_UV_VIS : fluorescence of material under UV (pic 365 nm) seen in visible domain;
- REF_NIR_NIR : infrared reflection under near infrared light (780-1000 nm);
- IRFC : image treatment of REF_NIR_NIR with VIS to obtain false color lisible image
- FLUO_VIS_IR : fluorescence under visible light (pic 690 nm) in near infrared domain (780-1000 nm);
Those images are used to find out some possible pigments and colorants, because some of them have specific spectral responses in IR or UV, or with fluorescence.
We provide FORS (400 nm-1000nm) reflection spectra made with Ruby Still non contact spectrometer for information.
Be aware that color material identification is usually completed with microscopic observations and FluoX analysis but could need much more complex investigations.
We share our image database hoping it could help the community of cultural heritage. In order to use them, please understand that the colors are indicatives as your artwork materials, binding and aging could differ.
KREMER PIGMENTS ON PAPER
Web page : http://www.kremer-pigmente.com/fr/livres-und-cartes-de-couleur/
Explanations : http://www.kremer-pigmente.com/media/pdf/fk-ColourCharts.pdf
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RED HISTORICAL PIGMENTS – KREMER ON PAPER
download pdf :
C2RMF_EXTRACT1_DATABASE_HistoricalPigments_RED_170920
Pinkcolor Very lightfast, < 38 µm
Pinkcolor Deep Very lightfast, (contains lead) < 38 µm
Natural Cinnabar from China, mercuric sulphide
Cinnabar, ne chu piao, 20 – 50 µm
Red Jasper semi-transparent, 0 – 120 µm
Côte d’Azur Violet light caput mortuum
Brown-Red Slate from Austria
Gold Ochre from Saxony, Germany deep brown-gold. Very nd grind Burgundy Red Ochre Medium from France, 0 – 80 µm
Burgundy Red Ochre Deep from France, ne, 0 – 80 µm
Spanish Red Ochre Bauxite, extra ne, 0 – 63 µm
Brown Earth from Otranto. Italy, pea-ore, sanguine-rust brown, stand. grind. Iseo Brown reddish brown umber, from Italy
Red Maroccan Ochre. warm transparent red ochre, < 80 µm
Dark Red Moroccan Ochre < 80 µm• GREEN HISTORICAL PIGMENTS – KREMER ON PAPER
download pdf :
C2RMF_EXTRACT2_DATABASE_HistoricalPigments_GREEN_170920
Egyptian Green Copper glass, 40 – 120 µm
Ploss Blue. Sky-blue crystals of very brilliant luminosity
Malachite natural, extra ne, 0 – 80 µm, intense color
Malachite MP extra ne, 0 – 63 µm, intense color
Chrysocolla, Bluish green, copper silicate, 0 – 120 µm
Malachite Fibres, ne 0 – 80 µm
Malachite Arabian, ne, 0 – 80 µm
Turquoise sky-blue, ne 0 – 80 µm
Atacamite, ne 0 – 80 µm
Cavansite, extra ne, 0 – 40 µm
Verona Green Earth, standard, genuine earth pigment, 0 – 120 µm Bavarian Green Earth, 0 – 120, similar to Bohemian Green Earth Russian Green Earth, ne, natural, extra ne, 0 – 63 µm
Aegirine, ne, 0 – 63 µm, dark green earth
Florentine Green, 60 – 120 µm, washed
Andeer green, ne, 0 – 200 µm, Green Gneiss from Andeer, Switzerland Green Jasper, crystalline bluish green, 0 – 120 µm
Celadonite, green earth, from the Côte d’Azur, France
Copper Resinate, transparent copper green• YELLOW HISTORICAL PIGMENTS – KREMER ON PAPER
download pdf :
C2RMF_EXTRACT3_DATABASE_HistoricalPigments_YELLOW_170920
Lead Tin Yellow, light, < 38 µm, light lemon changed hue, contains lead, toxic
Lead Tin Yellow deep, changed hue, < 38 µm, contains lead, toxic
Lead Tin Yellow II, yellow lead glass, 0 – 63 µm, contains lead, toxic
Naples Yellow, from Paris, < 50 µm, contains lead, toxic
Orpiment, genuine, King s Yellow, coarse, 175 µm
Realgar, genuine, red orpiment, 175 µm
Epidote, yellow-green earth
Jarosite, clear yellow ochre, < 100 µm
Taunus Ochre, light, Ochre, from the Taunus region, Germany Burgundy Yellow Ochre, from France, 0 – 80 µm
Yellow Moroccan Ochre, < 80 µm
Elba Brown Ochre Deep, dark brown, fine grind, from Tuscany• BLUE HISTORICAL PIGMENTS – KREMER ON PAPER
download pdf :
C2RMF_EXTRACT4_DATABASE_HistoricalPigments_BLUE_170920
Smalt, very fine, according to a recipe from 1820, < 80 µm
Egyptian Blue, blue copper silicate, <120 µm
HAN-Blue, fine, the blue of ancient China, 0 – 40 µm
HAN-Purple, fine, < 40 µm, color of ancient China
Blue Verditer, synthetic Azurite, blue bice, cendres blue
Blue Bice, Copper Calcium Carbonate, CCC
Blue Azurite MP, pale, 38 – 63 µm
Azurite natural fine, 0 – 80 µm
Sodalite, fine, 0 – 80 µm , bluish-purple gray pigment
Lapis Lazuli, grayish-blue, natural ultramarine
Lapis Lazuli, pure, Fra Angelico Blue
Lapis Lazuli from Chile, 0 – 20 µm• BLACK HISTORICAL PIGMENTS – KREMER ON PAPER
download pdf :
C2RMF_EXTRACT5_DATABASE_HistoricalPigments_BLACK_170920
Galena, Gray-black lustrous powder, contains lead, toxic
Pyrite Powder Fine, 0 – 80 µm
Antimony, stibium, gray metallic, baroque, 0 – 200 µm
Gray from Mels, Switzerland
Onyx black, 0 – 120 µm
Ivory Black, Genuine
Ivory Black, own production
Peach Black, genuine, matt black
Grape Black, genuine, bluish-black
Cherry Black, genuine, brownish-black
Atramentum, ink stone, black
Bistre, genuine beechwood soot
Sepia, from adriatic cuttlefish, raw, dry, 0 – 120 µm• WHITE HISTORICAL PIGMENTS – KREMER ON PAPER
download pdf :
C2RMF_EXTRACT6_DATABASE_HistoricalPigments_WHITE_170920
Nero Bernino, gray-green slate, Bernina (Switzerland), 0-120 µm
Alba Albula, buff white colored chalk, from Albula, Switzerland Sugar Dolomite, 0 – 120 µm
Rhodochrosite, pale-coral pink, 0 – 120 µm
Slate Green from Mels, Switzerland
Jade, very fine, Russian, < 63 µm
Rock Crystal, powder, 0 – 63 µm
Eggshell White, fine, white powder
Fuchsite, extra fine, 0 – 100 µm
Obsidian black, natural glass from Mexico
Selenite, Marienglas, gypseous spar, from Cyprus, 0 – 80 µm
Aragonite, extra white, fine grind, 0 – 63 µm• CADMIUM PIGMENTS – KREMER ON PAPER
download pdf :
C2RMF_EXTRACT7_DATABASE_CadmiumPigments_RED_GREEN_YELLOW_170920
RED CADMIUM PIGMENTS
Cadmium Orange No. 0 very light, very lightfast, opaque
Cadmium Orange No. 0.5, light, very lightfast, opaque
Cadmium Orange No. 1, medium, very lightfast, opaque
Cadmium Orange No. 2, vermilion, very lightfast, opaque Cadmium Red No. 1, light, very lightfast, opaque
Cadmium Red No. 2, medium, very lightfast, opaque
Cadmium Red No. 3, dark, very lightfast, opaque
Cadmium Red No. 4, bluish purple, very lightfast, opaqueGREEN CADMIUM PIGMENTS
Cadmium Green, light, mixture of cadmium yellow and ultramarine blue
Cadmium Green, dark, mixture of cadmium yellow and ultramarine blueYELLOW CADMIUM PIGMENTS
Cadmium Yellow Lemon No.1, very lightfast, opaque
Cadmium Yellow No. 2, very light, very lightfast, opaque Cadmium Yellow No. 4 light, very lightfast, opaque
Cadmium Yellow No. 6, medium, very lightfast, opaque
Cadmium Yellow No. 8, medium dark, very lightfast, opaque Cadmium Yellow No. 9, dark, very lightfast, opaque• GREEN COLORS
download pdf :
C2RMF_EXTRACT8_DATABASE_GREEN_COLORS_170920
Phthalo Green dark, bluish
Phthalo Green, yellowish lightfast
Green Earth, light yellowish, German
Bohemian Green Earth, genuine, brilliant hue, extra fine grinding
Green Earth from Verona, genuine, pure
Green Earth from France, light
Verona Green Earth enhanced with Viridian Green
Vagone Green Earth, enhanced with Prussian blue and chrome oxide green
Nicosia Green, mixed green earths with cobalt blue,enhanced
Bohemian Green Earth, imitation, enhanced earth color, yellowish green light
Verona Green Earth, imitation, mixed green earths
Cobalt Green, contains cobalt
Cobalt Oxide Green Blue, deep turquoise, contains cobalt
Cobalt Bottle Green, dark green, contains cobalt
Cobalt Green, bluish A, contains cobalt
Pastel Green, Victoria Green, bright, very lightfast, transparent
Chrome Oxide Green, cool green, opaque
Chrome Oxide Green DD, pure, intensive color, very fine
Viridian Green, hydrated chrome oxide, bright, transparent
Permanent Green, mixture, lightfast
Malachite, synthetic, contains copper
Verdigris, synthetic,coarse bluish green powder, contains copper
Cadmium Green, light, mixture of cadmium yellow and ultramarine blue
Cadmium Green, dark, mixture of cadmium yellow and ultramarine blue
Ultramarine Green, genuine, historic pigment
Studio Pigment Light Green, synthetic organic pigment and filler
Studio Pigment Dark Green, synthetic organic pigment and filler• YELLOW COLORS
download pdf :
C2RMF_EXTRACT9_DATABASE_YELLOW_COLORS_170920
Cadmium Yellow Lemon No. 1, very lightfast, opaque
Cadmium Yellow No. 2, very light, very lightfast, opaque Cadmium Yellow No. 4 light, very lightfast, opaque
Cadmium Yellow No. 6, medium, very lightfast, opaque
Cadmium Yellow No. 8, medium dark, very lightfast, opaque Cadmium Yellow No. 9, dark, very lightfast, opaque
Permanent Yellow light, organic pigment
Permanent Yellow medium, organic pigment Irgazin
Yellow greenish, transparent Isoindole
Yellow, organic pigment
Indian Yellow, imitation, contains nickel
Pyramid-Yellow medium, clear warm yellow
Brilliant Yellow, Hansa yellow
Isoindolinon Yellow, greenish
Irgazin Yellow light orange
Studio Yellow, Hansa yellow
Paliotol Yellow-Orange, brilliant orange
Massicot, Litharge, yellow lead oxide, litharge, pieces, contains lead, toxic
Bristol Yellow pale Naples yellow imitation, lead-free
Bristol Yellow, medium, Naples yellow imitation, lead-free
Naples Yellow, lemon, genuine, contains lead, toxic
Naples Yellow, dark, genuine, contains lead, toxic
Naples Yellow, reddish, contains lead, toxic
Bristol-Yellow, reddish, Naples yellow reddish imitation, lead-free Nickel-Titanium Yellow, artificial mineral pigment
Nickel-Titanium Yellow, greenish, artificial mineral pigment Praseodym Yellow, pale
Titanium Orange, golden-orange
Cobalt Yellow aureolin
Antinomy Red, golden antinomy sulphide
Yellow Zircon, Zircon-Praseodymium-Silicate
Intensive Yellow transparent
Bismuth-Vanadate Yellow lemon, very lightfast
Studio Pigment Yellow, synthetic organic pigment and filler
Studio Pigment Egg Yolk Yellow, synthetic organic pigment and filler
Studio Pigment Yellow Sun Gold, synthetic organic pigment and filler• BLUE COLORS
download pdf :
C2RMF_EXTRACT10_DATABASE_BLUE_COLORS_170920
BLUE
Phthalo Blue, Primary blue
Phthalo Blue royal blue, Heliogen Blue
Phthalo Blue reddish, Heliogen Blue
Phthalo Blue, very lightfast
Idanthren Blue, deep blue
Dioxazine Violet, halogen-free
Thioindigo Red, lightfast
Cinquasia Violet RT 201 D, reddish violet
Alizarine violet, bright medium violet
Indigo, genuine, Indian, powder, Indigofera tinctoria
Indigo Blue Lake, medium blue, natural blue dye
Indigo Red-Violet, natural blue pigment
Maya Blue, genuine, indigo in a silicic crystal matrix
Ultramarine Blue, very dark, synthetic mineral pigment Ultramarine Blue, dark, synthetic mineral pigment
Ultramarine Blue, reddish, synthetic mineral pigment Ultramarine Blue, greenish extra, synthetic mineral pigment Ultramarine Blue, greenish light, synthetic mineral pigment Ultramarine Blue, light, synthetic mineral pigment
Ultramarine Violet, medium, bluish, mixture
Ultramarine Violet, reddish, dark
Ultramarine Violet, light reddish, synthetic mineral pigment Prussian Blue LUX also Milori blue, Berlin blue
Manganese Violet, synthetic mineral pigment
Copper Blue, very light turquoise blue
Zirconium Cerulean Blue, semi-opaque, light blue
Cobalt Blue Dark, synthetic mineral pigment
Cobalt Blue Dark, greenish, slightly lighter and more greenish than 45700
Cobalt Blue, Sapporo
Cobalt Blue Medium, opaque
Cobalt Blue Pale, synthetic mineral pigment
Cobalt Blue light, synthetic mineral pigment
Cobalt Cerulean blue
Cobalt Blue, greenish
Cobalt Blue Turquoise, light
Cobalt Blue Turquoise, dark
Cobalt violet, dark, semi-opaque
Cobalt Violet brilliant, dark < 75
Cobalt Violet, light brilliant
Studio Pigment Sky Blue, synthetic organic pigment and filler Studio pigment dark blue, synthetic organic pigment and filler Studio pigment violet, synthetic organic pigment and filler
Cite this article as: Clotilde Boust, “DATABASE : Pigments under UV and IR radiations,” in Scientific imaging for cultural heritage / Images scientifiques pour le patrimoine, ISSN 2609-780X, 18/08/2017, https://copa.hypotheses.org/552.